I believe Schema Theory and Mental Models are important in teaching and learning because these theories explore the importance of find a common ground about people knowledge before to teach or learn something new.
For example, we can note that the theory brings into focus the question of cultural values as they relate to things like:
What constitutes "knowledge"?
How knowledge is to be achieved.
How knowledge is validated and so forth.
In this respect, almost any cultural feature of people's lives can, under the right circumstances, be applied to an explanation of achievement/under achievement.
And this also point about economic and class background as influence over individual’s learning.
Finally, we had an interesting discussion about a new tendency called Life Coaching. I never heard about it before but basically refer to high class and business leadership trainers. If you want to check go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_coach
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